A. Almasan a.o.: Deficiency of retinoblastoma protein leads to inappropriate S-phase entry, activation of E2F-responsive genes, and apoptosis. Proc. Nat. Ac. Sci. USA 92 (1995), 5436-... 11584 Marcia Barinaga: Death by dozens of cuts. Science 3 April 1998, 32-34. M. Bennett/G. Evan/S. Schwartz: Apoptosis of rat vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated by p53-dependent and -independent pathways. Circ. Res. 77 (1995), 266-... M. Bernasconi a.o.: Induction of apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells through down-regulation of PAX proteins. Proc. Nat. Ac. Sci. 93 (1996), 13164-13169. R. Bissonnette/F. Echeverri/A. Mahboubi/D. Green: Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2. Nature 359 (1992), 552-554. 15483 Laszlo Boros/Marta Cascante/Wai-Nang Paul Lee: Metabolic profiling of cell growth and death in cancer - applications in drug discovery. DDT 7/6 (2002), 364-372. C. Canman a.o.: Growth factor modulations of p53-mediated growth arrest versus apoptosis. Genes Dev. 9 (1995), 600-... 10081 Christopher Chen a.o.: Geometric control of cell life and death. Science 30 May 1997, 1425-1428. Vincenzo Chiarugi/L. Meguelli/M. Cinelli/G. Basi: Apoptosis and the cell cycle. Cell. Mol. Biol. Res. 40 (1994), 603-612. Vincenzo Chiarugi/Marco Ruggieri: Role of three cancer <> p53, bcl2 and c-myc on the apoptotic process. Tumori 82/3 (1996), ... Abstract: "We review some of the most recent developments concerning three genes involved in human cancer: p53, bcl2 and c-myc. Recent data have demonstrated that the bcl2 gene protects tumor cells from apoptosis induced by a variety of agents, including ionizing radiation, and is thus related to resistance to DNA-damaging therapeutic agents. The p53 tumor suppressor gene, however, has been related with growth arrest, apoptosis and thus with selective sensitivity to the killing effects of ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging drugs. This functional antagonism between the two genes was recently substantiated in molecular terms by demonstration of reciprocal down- regulation due to the presence of a p53-dependent transcription silencer in the untranslated region of the bcl2 gene. Growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis are two distinct and dissectable functions of p53: bcl2 is able to antagonize the induction of apoptosis by p53, but not the growth arrest in G1. However, coexpression of bcl2 and of the oncogene c-myc efficiently antagonizes effects on G1 arrest and apoptosis, thus suggesting a cooperation between the two oncogenes. In addition, c-myc disrupts other functions of genetic control in the early G1 phase of the cell cycle including the expression of D1 cyclin. We believe that knowledge of the functional/molecular interactions between these three genes involved in human cancer is a fundamental prerequisite to improve the knowledge on prognosis and to design innovative therapeutic approaches." S. Chiou/L. Rao/E. White: Bcl-2 blocks p53-dependent apoptosis. Mol. Cell Biol. 14 (1994), 2556-... J. Cleveland a.o.: v-Raf suppresses apoptosis and promotes growth of interleukin-3-dependent myeloid cells. Oncogene 9 (1994), 2217-... J. Cohen: Apoptosis. Imm. Today 14 (1993), 126-... J. Cohen/Richard Duke/V. Fadok/K. Sellins: Apoptosis and programmed cell death in immunity. Ann. Rev. Imm. 10 (1992), 267-293. D. Cortez/L. Kadlec/A. Pendergast: Structural and signaling requirements for BCR-ABL-mediated transformation and inhibition of apoptosis. Mol. Cell Biol. 15 (1995), 5531-... M. Debbas/E. White: Wild-type p53 mediates apoptosis by E1A, which is inhibited by E1B. Genes Dev. 7 (1993), 546-... C. Dive/J. Hickman: Drug-target interactions - only the first step in the commitment to a programmed cell death? Brit. J. Cancer 64 (1991), 192-... 9525 Richard Duke/David Ojcius/John Ding-E Young: Die Apoptose - Regeln und Fehler beim Zellselbstmord. Spektrum 1997/2, 26-35. G. Evan a.o.: Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell 69 (1992), 119-... 16533 Doron Ginsberg: The transcription factor E2F - balancing proliferation and apoptosis. Internet 2004, 2p. Gennadi Glinsky: Failure of apoptosis and cancer metastasis. Landes 1998. 1-57059478-3. Pierre Golstein/David Ojcius/John Ding-E Young: Cell death mechanisms and the immune system. Imm. Rev. 121 (1991), 29-65. T. Graeber a.o.: Hypoxia-mediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumours. Nature 379 (1996), 88-... M. Hahne a.o.: Melanoma cell expression of fas (Apo-1/CD95) ligand - implications for tumor immune escape. Science 274 (1996), 1363-1366. Y. Haupt a.o.: Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by transactivation- deficient p53. Genes Dev. 9 (1995), 2170-... S. Hetts: To die or not to die. An overview of apoptosis and its role in disease. JAMA 279 (1998), 300-307. K. Howes a.o.: Apoptosis or retinoblastoma - alternative facets of photoreceptors expressing the hpv-16 E7 gene in the presence or absence of p53. Genes Dev. 8 (1994), 1300-... 15452 Friedrich Husmann: Apoptose - ohne programmierten Zelltod la''s''t sich zellula''re Homo''ostase nicht aufrechterhalten. Aner 2001/1, 8-11. Gert Kaiser a.o. (ed.): Neue Wege zur Gesundheit? Campus 1996. J. Kerr/H. Wyllie/A. Currie: Apoptosis - a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Brit. J. Cancer 26 (1972), 239-257. Stanley Korsmeyer: Regulators of cell death. Trends Gen. 11/3 (1995), 101-105. Peter Krammer: Apoptose im Immunsystem - Mord oder Selbstmord. Robert-Koch-Stiftung 20 (1996), 32-43. 16444 Anshul Kundaje/Shane Eisenman: Modeling of the p53 pathway to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis - relevance to cancer. Internet 2001, 19p. H. Lin a.o.: Activated H-ras rescues E1A-induced apoptosis and cooperates with E1A to overcome p53-dependent growth arrest. Mol. Cell Biol. 15 (1995), 4536-... S. Lowe a.o.: p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes. Nature 362 (1993), 847-... Seamus Martin: Apoptosis and cancer. Landes 1997. 1-57059452-X. Seamus Martin/Douglas Green: Protease activation during apoptosis - death by a thousand cuts? Cell 82/3 (1995), 349-352. N. Motoyama a.o.: Massive cell death of immature hematopoietic cells and neurons in Bcl-x-deficient mice. Science 267 (1995), 1506-... S. Nagata/P. Golstein: The fas death factor. Science 267 (1995), 1449-1456. N. Neamati a.o.: Degradation of lamin B1 precedes oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation in apoptotic thymocytes and isolated thymocyte nuclei. J. Imm. 154 (1994), 1693-... D. Nicholson a.o.: Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis. Nature 376 (1995), 37-... Sten Orrenius: Molekulare Medizin. Was uns der Zelltod lehrt. In Kaiser 1996, ... G. Preston a.o.: Induction of apoptosis by c-fos protein. Mol. Cell Biol. 16 (1996), 2111-... X. Qin a.o.: Deregulated transcription factor E2F-1 expression leads to S-phase entry and p53-mediated apoptosis. Proc. Nat. Ac. Sci. USA 91 (1994), 10918-... L. Rao a.o.: The adenovirus E1A proteins induce apoptosis, which is inhibited by the E1B 19-kDa and Bcl-2 proteins. Proc. Nat. Ac. Sci. USA 89 (1992), 9974-... Dennis Ross: Apoptosis. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 121 (1997), 83-... P. Sabbatini a.o.: Essential role for p53-mediated transcription in E1A- induced apoptosis. Genes Dev. 9 (1995), 2184-... J. Savill/V. Fadok/P. Henson/C. Haslett: Phagocyte recognition of cells undergoing apoptosis. Imm. Today 14 (1993), 131-... 15684 Stefan Schmidt: Real-time PCR-Quantifizierung von Glucocorticoidrezeptor-Isoformen wa''hrend der glucoidinduzierten Leuka''miezellapoptose. Diss. Univ. Innsbruck 2002, 110p. 15682 Andreas Strasser/Liam O'Connor/Vishva Dixit: Apoptosis signaling. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69 (2000), 217-245. H. Symonds a.o.: p53-dependent apoptosis suppresses tumor growth and progression in vivo. Cell 78 (1994), 703-... H. Wang a.o.: Apoptosis regulation by interaction of Bcl-2 protein and Raf-1 kinase. Oncogene 9 (1994), 2751-... E. White: Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis. Genes Dev. 10 (1996), 1-... M. Whyte/G. Evan: Apoptosis - the last cut is the deepest. Nature 376 (1995), 17-... G. Williams a.o.: Haemopoietic colony stimulating factors promote cell survival by suppressing apoptosis. Nature 343 (1990), 76-... A. Wyllie: Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature 284 (1980), 555-...